{"id":9084,"date":"2025-10-30T21:15:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T20:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/?p=9084"},"modified":"2025-11-04T15:22:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T14:22:51","slug":"fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Fauve ou CoBrA ? Le peintre indig\u00e9niste Manuel Zapata Orihuela. Portraits d&rsquo;hier et de demain (9)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>par Alain Cardenas-Castro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manuel Zapata Orihuela (Lima, 1921 \u2013 Gentilly, 2023), est un&nbsp;peintre&nbsp;p\u00e9ruvien (ill. 1 \u00e0 4) des repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019indig\u00e9nisme<a id=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>, mouvement intellectuel et politique pr\u00e9dominant en Am\u00e9rique latine durant la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XX<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Adepte d\u2019une polychromie forte qui puise \u00e0 la richesse d\u2019une tradition populaire et de mouvements d\u2019avant-gardes entre fauvisme et CoBrA, il a su exprimer une probl\u00e9matique entre le P\u00e9rou, ses racines, et la France, son pays de c\u0153ur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9086\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/01-img_20250126_170038\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?fit=563%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"563,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3534&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.06000200340579&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"01-IMG_20250126_170038\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?fit=220%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?fit=563%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"563\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9086\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?resize=563%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9086\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?w=563&amp;ssl=1 563w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-IMG_20250126_170038.jpg?resize=220%2C300&amp;ssl=1 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9087\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/02-img_20250126_170836\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?fit=521%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"521,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1326&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003004988281&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"02-IMG_20250126_170836\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?fit=204%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?fit=521%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"521\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9087\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?resize=521%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9087\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?w=521&amp;ssl=1 521w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-IMG_20250126_170836.jpg?resize=204%2C300&amp;ssl=1 204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9089\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/04-img_20250126_171048-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?fit=511%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"511,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1286&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02999700029997&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"04-IMG_20250126_171048 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?fit=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?fit=511%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"511\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9089\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?resize=511%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9089\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?w=511&amp;ssl=1 511w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/04-IMG_20250126_171048-copie.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9088\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/03-img_20250126_170744-zapata-toro\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?fit=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,686\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;999&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02999700029997&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"03-IMG_20250126_170744 ZAPATA TORO\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?fit=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?fit=584%2C391&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"391\" data-id=\"9088\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?resize=584%2C391&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?resize=768%2C515&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/03-IMG_20250126_170744-ZAPATA-TORO.jpg?resize=448%2C300&amp;ssl=1 448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus. (ill. 1 \u00e0 4) Manuel Zapata Orihuela dans son atelier (coll. M. T. Zapata)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Une \u00e9tude de l\u2019\u0153uvre de Manuel Zapata Orihuela ne peut \u00e9viter de rappeler, ne f\u00fbt-ce que succinctement, la place de l\u2019indig\u00e9nisme dans son \u0153uvre, dans sa vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019indig\u00e9nisme porte un regard constant sur la condition des populations autochtones. Cette approche, politique, d\u00e9signe l&rsquo;ensemble des processus de gestion des populations indig\u00e8nes mises en \u0153uvre dans les territoires am\u00e9ricains de l&rsquo;Empire colonial espagnol. L\u2019indig\u00e9nisme r\u00e9clame une meilleure int\u00e9gration des populations indig\u00e8nes et autochtones \u00e0 la \u00ab&nbsp;communaut\u00e9 nationale&nbsp;\u00bb. Ce courant est pr\u00e9sent dans le domaine de l&rsquo;art et de la litt\u00e9rature, se voulant la recherche d&rsquo;une expression propre des populations premi\u00e8res et prenant ses distances par rapport aux multiples influences coloniales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Du bon usage des donn\u00e9es biographiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manuel Zapata Orihuela na\u00eet \u00e0&nbsp;Lima&nbsp;en 1921, d\u2019un p\u00e8re originaire de&nbsp;Piura, ville du P\u00e9rou fond\u00e9e par Francisco Pizarro en 1532. Sa m\u00e8re est n\u00e9e \u00e0 Huancayo, ville situ\u00e9e au c\u0153ur des Andes centrales p\u00e9ruviennes, ville r\u00e9ceptacle de nombreuses traditions musicales vari\u00e9es tel le huayno<a id=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. Manuel Zapata passe une partie de son enfance dans la r\u00e9gion de Huancayo, il s\u2019y impr\u00e8gne des paysages andins et de la vie des habitants, \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui deviendront des th\u00e8mes forts<a id=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> de son inspiration de peintre et l&rsquo;am\u00e8neront naturellement vers les th\u00e8mes indig\u00e9nistes (ill. 6 et 9). Manuel Zapata ressent ainsi sa vocation pour la peinture comme d\u2019autres peintres p\u00e9ruviens de g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, tels Mario Urteaga<a id=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> (Cajamarca 1875 \u2013 Cajamarca 1957) ou les fr\u00e8res Cardenas Castro<a id=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>, Juan Manuel (1891-1988) et Jos\u00e9 Felix (1899-1975) qui ne cesseront, eux aussi, de relater avec pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance et originalit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9crire avec humanit\u00e9 et grande sensibilit\u00e9, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 andine dont les usages et les traditions se perp\u00e9tuent dans le temps (ill. 11 et 12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zapata est \u00e2g\u00e9 de sept ans quand il retourne \u00e0 Lima avec sa famille. Vers l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 10 ans, sa grand-m\u00e8re paternelle lui offre une bo\u00eete de couleurs et l\u2019encourage \u00e0 la pratique du dessin et de la peinture. Zapata commence \u00e0 peindre, il pratique aussi la copie, seul, en autodidacte. Peu \u00e0 peu, de paysages en portraits, il traduit de mani\u00e8re personnelle son admiration toute particuli\u00e8re pour les peintres allemands et italiens de la Renaissance (ill. 5 et 8). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9090\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/05-albrecht_durer-portrait-de-maximilien_i_1519\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?fit=392%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"392,480\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"05-Albrecht_Du\u0308rer Portrait de Maximilien_I_(1519)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?fit=245%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?fit=392%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"392\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"9090\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?resize=392%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?w=392&amp;ssl=1 392w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/05-Albrecht_Durer-Portrait-de-Maximilien_I_1519.jpg?resize=245%2C300&amp;ssl=1 245w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9091\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/06-1736976480747-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?fit=234%2C320&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"234,320\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"06-1736976480747 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?fit=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?fit=234%2C320&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"234\" height=\"320\" data-id=\"9091\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?resize=234%2C320&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?w=234&amp;ssl=1 234w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/06-1736976480747-copie.jpg?resize=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1 219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9092\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/07-personnage-comme-durer\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?fit=370%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"370,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1232&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02999700029997&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"07-personnage comme Durer\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?fit=185%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?fit=370%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"370\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"9092\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?resize=370%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?w=370&amp;ssl=1 370w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/07-personnage-comme-Durer.jpg?resize=185%2C300&amp;ssl=1 185w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. (ill. 5) Albrecht D\u00fcrer. <em>Portrait de l&#8217;empereur Maximilien I<sup>er<\/sup><\/em>&nbsp;(1519), huile sur panneau en bois de tilleul, 74 x 61,5 cm, Mus\u00e9e d&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;art de VienneManuel (ill. 6) Manuel Zapata Orihuela, joueur de flute (ill. 7) Manuel Zapata Orihuela<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9093\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/08-vierge-enfant-boticelli\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?fit=425%2C624&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"425,624\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"08-VIerge enfant Boticelli\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?fit=204%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?fit=425%2C624&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"425\" height=\"624\" data-id=\"9093\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?resize=425%2C624&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9093\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?w=425&amp;ssl=1 425w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/08-VIerge-enfant-Boticelli.jpg?resize=204%2C300&amp;ssl=1 204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9094\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/09-img_20250126_155021-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?fit=633%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"633,800\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;926&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.029996999993878&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"09-IMG_20250126_155021 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?fit=237%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C738&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"738\" data-id=\"9094\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?resize=584%2C738&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9094\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?w=633&amp;ssl=1 633w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/09-IMG_20250126_155021-copie.jpg?resize=237%2C300&amp;ssl=1 237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. (ill. 8) Sandro Boticelli. <em>La Madone du livre<\/em> (vers 1480 \u2013 1481), tempera sur bois, 58 \u00d7 39,5 cm. Mus\u00e9e Poldi Pezzoli, Milan (ill. 9) Manuel Zapata Orihuela, <em>Indienne \u00e0 l&rsquo;enfant<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9095\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/10-1748540926741\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?fit=283%2C445&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"283,445\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;--&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1748546739&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"10-1748540926741\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?fit=191%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?fit=283%2C445&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"283\" height=\"445\" data-id=\"9095\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?resize=283%2C445&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9095\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?w=283&amp;ssl=1 283w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/10-1748540926741.jpg?resize=191%2C300&amp;ssl=1 191w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9096\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/11-femme-a-enfant-jmcc\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?fit=411%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"411,512\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"11-femme a enfant JMCC\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?fit=241%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?fit=411%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"411\" height=\"512\" data-id=\"9096\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?resize=411%2C512&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9096\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?w=411&amp;ssl=1 411w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/11-femme-a-enfant-JMCC.jpg?resize=241%2C300&amp;ssl=1 241w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9097\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/12-jfcc-pastel\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?fit=462%2C830&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"462,830\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"12-JFCC pastel\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?fit=167%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?fit=462%2C830&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"462\" height=\"830\" data-id=\"9097\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?resize=462%2C830&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9097\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?w=462&amp;ssl=1 462w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/12-JFCC-pastel.jpg?resize=167%2C300&amp;ssl=1 167w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. (ill. 10) Mario Urteaga. <em>Maternit\u00e9<\/em> (1946), huile sur toile, 80,5 x 57,5 cm Mus\u00e9e d&rsquo;art de Lima, donation Rafael Lemor (ill. 11) Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro. <em>Sans titre<\/em> (sd), huile sur toile, 81 x 100 cm&nbsp;; (ill. 12) Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Cardenas-Castro, Sans titre (sd) (coll. priv\u00e9e).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce sont ces m\u00eames r\u00e9f\u00e9rences que prend le peintre indig\u00e9niste Mario Urteaga, originaire de Cajamarca ville agricole du Nord du P\u00e9rou. Urteaga commence \u00e0 dessiner en 1891, c&rsquo;est donc plus tardivement, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 17 ans, qu&rsquo;il dessine aussi des portraits mais d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s des photographies. Il s&rsquo;exerce \u00e9galement \u00e0 la copie de sujets religieux. 1891, c&rsquo;est aussi l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e de naissance de Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro, \u00e0 Urubamba, village situ\u00e9 dans la Vall\u00e9e sacr\u00e9e des Incas. Cardenas Castro commence \u00e0 dessiner en autodidacte comme Zapata. Lui aussi, il d\u00e9crit son environnement, les gens, les paysages, les architectures de la vall\u00e9e sacr\u00e9e des Incas et de la ville nombril du monde, Cusco. Malgr\u00e9 son exil volontaire en France, Cardenas-Castro continuera tout au long de sa vie \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter ce monde andin de fa\u00e7on toujours aussi pr\u00e9cise et sensible, le traduisant avec la puissance expressive et la m\u00eame ma\u00eetrise du dessin qui caract\u00e9rise son style, et cela, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa m\u00e9moire visuelle impressionnante avec son \u0153il aiguis\u00e9 de caricaturiste (ill. 8).Zapata, suivra la m\u00eame trajectoire en France, en continuant, lui aussi, \u00e0 peindre de m\u00e9moire son P\u00e9rou ch\u00e9ri (ill. 3 et 6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9098\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/13-img_20250126_154613-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?fit=438%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"438,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1290&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.04000400040004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"13-IMG_20250126_154613 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?fit=171%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?fit=438%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"438\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9098\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?resize=438%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?w=438&amp;ssl=1 438w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/13-IMG_20250126_154613-copie.jpg?resize=171%2C300&amp;ssl=1 171w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/14-IMG_20250126_154613-copie-ZOOM.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9099\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/14-img_20250126_154613-copie-zoom\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/14-IMG_20250126_154613-copie-ZOOM.jpg?fit=231%2C240&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"231,240\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1738270700&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1290&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.04000400040004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"14-IMG_20250126_154613 copie ZOOM\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/14-IMG_20250126_154613-copie-ZOOM.jpg?fit=231%2C240&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/14-IMG_20250126_154613-copie-ZOOM.jpg?fit=231%2C240&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"231\" height=\"240\" data-id=\"9099\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/14-IMG_20250126_154613-copie-ZOOM.jpg?resize=231%2C240&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9099\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus. (ill. 13 et 14) Zapata Orihuela. Vue de Chorillos \u00e0 Lima. Dessin de paysage r\u00e9alis\u00e9 sur une serviette en papier, dat\u00e9 du 24 mai 1940 \u00e0 15 h 10, 3 ann\u00e9es avant son entr\u00e9e aux Beaux-arts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u2019autodidacte \u00e0 l&rsquo;apprentissage aux beaux-arts.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manuel Zapata continue en autoditacte \u00e0 dessiner et \u00e0 peindre. Il ex\u00e9cute des croquis de paysage, dessine en bord de mer et peint des sc\u00e8nes urbaines de march\u00e9s populaires dans les rues de Chorrillos, un des quartiers de la capitale p\u00e9ruvienne, face au Pacifique. Il dessine tout le temps et partout, la moindre occasion est pr\u00e9texte \u00e0 exprimer sa cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9. En t\u00e9moigne le dessin sur une serviette en papier repr\u00e9sentant le quartier de Chorillos. Le dessin est dat\u00e9 24 mai 1940 \u00e0 15 h 10, soit trois ann\u00e9es avant son entr\u00e9e aux beaux-arts de Lima. Ce croquis montre d\u00e9j\u00e0 son habilet\u00e9 \u00e0 dessiner d\u2019apr\u00e8s le motif d\u2019une part, et d\u2019autre part, sa dext\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00e0 capter l\u2019essentiel d\u2019un paysage en quelques traits de crayon (ill. 13 et 14).<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1943, Zapata entre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole Nationale des Beaux-Arts (ENBA) de Lima, dirig\u00e9e alors par le peintre Jos\u00e9 Sabogal<a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> (1888-1956). A l&rsquo;ENBA, Zapata \u00e9tudie dans la classe de Julia Codesido<a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> (1883-1979), et par la suite, il suit les cours du peintre Carlos Quizpez As\u00edn<a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> (1900-1983).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9100\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/15-enba-jfcc\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?fit=340%2C355&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"340,355\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"15-ENBA JFCC\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?fit=287%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?fit=340%2C355&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"340\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?resize=340%2C355&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?w=340&amp;ssl=1 340w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/15-ENBA-JFCC.jpg?resize=287%2C300&amp;ssl=1 287w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus. (ill. 15) Corps enseignant de l\u2019Ecole nationale des Beaux-arts de Lima en janvier 1946, tirage argentique sur papier, 18 x 23 cm, Archives Cardenas-Castro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>De gauche \u00e0 droite, assis : Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix C\u00e1rdenas (professeur de d\u00e9coration artistique), Carlos Qu\u00edzpez As\u00edn (professeur de dessin et de peinture), Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez V\u00e9rtiz (directeur et professeur de perspective), Julio M\u00e1laga Grenet (professeur d&rsquo;affiches) et Ra\u00fal Pro (professeur de sculpture) ; debout : Pablo Iturry (professeur de c\u00e9ramique), Ismael Pozo (professeur de dessin), Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Infantas (professeur de dessin et peinture), Hernando Ulloa (secr\u00e9taire), Ricardo Grau (professeur de dessin et peinture), Camilo Blas (professeur de dessin et peinture), Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez (professeur de dessin et peinture) et Mois\u00e9s Laymito (professeur de sculpture). Absent : Juan M. Ugarte El\u00e9spuru (professeur d&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;art et de composition artistique), Emilio Hart-terr\u00e9 (professeur d&rsquo;art p\u00e9ruvien) et Alfonso Pasquel (professeur d&rsquo;anatomie artistique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quand Jos\u00e9 Sabogal quitte son poste de directeur (1932-1943), Zapata, alors \u00e9tudiant, reste \u00e0 l&rsquo;Ecole en poursuivant son \u0153uvre de peintre indig\u00e9niste. En effet, bien que le courant indig\u00e9niste laisse place peu \u00e0 peu aux mouvements de l&rsquo;abstraction, le nouveau directeur, le peintre Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez V\u00e9rtiz<a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> (1897-1975) autorise les \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 choisir leur propre orientation. Zapata a alors certainement cotoy\u00e9 Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Cardenas-Castro qui fait partie du corps enseignant l\u2019Ecole des beaux-arts durant cette p\u00e9riode (ill. 15). Par la suite, Zapata suivra les conseils de Jacques Maes (Ixelles, Belgique, 1905 &#8211; Bernicarlo, Espagne, 1968), peintre portraitiste et graveur belge appartenant au courant animiste<a href=\"#_ftn10\" id=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>. Maes qui est venu en tant qu\u2019artiste invit\u00e9 entre 1946 et 1948 \u00e0 l&rsquo;ENBA, dirig\u00e9e alors par le peintre Ricardo Grau<a href=\"#_ftn11\" id=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> (1907-1970), appr\u00e9cie les capacit\u00e9s du jeune Zapata et lui permet de d\u00e9velopper sa technique par l&rsquo;utilisation de la spatule. L&rsquo;Ecole des Beaux-arts facilite ses rencontres avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9tudiants tels Eladio Ruiz<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> (1922-2013), Pedro Azabache Bustamente<a href=\"#_ftn13\" id=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> (1918-2012), Gamaniel Palomino<a href=\"#_ftn14\" id=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> (1921-1991), Julio Camino S\u00e1nchez<a href=\"#_ftn15\" id=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> (1914-2007), \u00c1ngel Ch\u00e1vez<a href=\"#_ftn16\" id=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> (1928-1995). Apr\u00e8s avoir termin\u00e9 ses \u00e9tudes en 1950, Zapata installe son atelier dans le Barrio chino, le quartier chinois de Lima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le voyage en Europe et les activit\u00e9s d\u2019enseignement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1967, Zapata r\u00e9alise son voyage initiatique en Europe. Il visite d&rsquo;abord l&rsquo;Italie, Florence, Assise et Rome, il continue son p\u00e9riple au Sud avec Madrid et Cordoue en Espagne, il passe par Gen\u00e8ve, Cologne, remonte jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 Copenhague au Danemark. Il continue son odyss\u00e9e en Norv\u00e8ge en visitant Oslo et Trondheim, puis en Su\u00e8de, Stockholm et Lulea. Il redescend \u00e0 Amsterdam, parcourt Bruxelles et arrive enfin \u00e0 Paris. Zapata expose ses peintures avec succ\u00e8s au Salon des Surind\u00e9pendants en 1968. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, une de ses \u0153uvres, <em>La Vendeuse de Fleurs<\/em>, est s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e pour la 7e Biennale de Menton<a href=\"#_ftn17\" id=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>. Il participe ainsi \u00e0 de nombreuses expositions en France, en Espagne et aux Etats-Unis. Dans cet espace de temps, il rencontre Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Hache, sa future \u00e9pouse, une jeune fran\u00e7aise venue travailler au P\u00e9rou. Ils s&rsquo;installent&nbsp; \u00e0 Saintes, dans le sud-ouest de la France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1970, Zapata revient au P\u00e9rou pour \u00eatre professeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole des beaux-arts&nbsp;Macedonio de la Torre&nbsp;de Trujillo, invit\u00e9 par son fondateur et directeur, le peintre Pedro Azabache Bustamante (1918-2012), son ancien camarade des beaux-arts. L&rsquo;ann\u00e9e suivante, il s&rsquo;installe \u00e0 Lima et expose \u00e0 l&rsquo;Alliance fran\u00e7aise. Revenu en France, en 1974, Zapata installe son atelier \u00e0 Paris, puis \u00e0 Gentilly, tout en retournant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement au P\u00e9rou jusqu&rsquo;en 1991. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son amiti\u00e9 avec le peintre \u00c1ngel Ch\u00e1vez rencontr\u00e9 aux beaux-arts, il forme avec \u00d3scar Allain<a href=\"#_ftn18\" id=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> (1922), Gamaniel Palomino (1921-1991) et Julio Camino S\u00e1nchez (1914-2007), le groupe \u00ab\u00a0Cinco amigos pintores \u00bb (Cinq amis peintres) qui s&rsquo;agrandira pour devenir les \u00ab Ocho amigos del Arte \u00bb (Huit amis de l&rsquo;art) avec Aquiles Ralli<a href=\"#_ftn19\" id=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a> (1925-2010), Enrique Gald\u00f3s Rivas<a href=\"#_ftn20\" id=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a> (1933-2018)&nbsp;et le sculpteur Antonio S\u00e1nchez. Ils explorent ensemble des voies ouvrant vers un nouvel indig\u00e9nisme influenc\u00e9 par les courants expressioniste et abstrait de la modernit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9101\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/16-17img_20250126_155309-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?fit=746%2C579&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"746,579\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1216&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003001380635&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"16-17IMG_20250126_155309 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?fit=300%2C233&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C453&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?resize=373%2C290&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9101\" width=\"373\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?w=746&amp;ssl=1 746w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?resize=300%2C233&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/16-17IMG_20250126_155309-copie.jpg?resize=387%2C300&amp;ssl=1 387w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ci-dessus. (ill. 16 et 17) Accrochage c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te dans l&rsquo;atelier de Zapata \u00e0 Gentilly, de gauche \u00e0 droite. <em>Vendeuse de poissons<\/em> et <em>Vendeuse de fleurs<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Des influences, th\u00e8mes et techniques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On retrouve les influences du mouvement CoBrA dans plusieurs \u0153uvres de Zapata. Sensible \u00e0 la mati\u00e8re et \u00e0 la texture qui donnent relief et vie \u00e0 sa peinture, Zapata retrouve l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie du trait de ses premiers dessins en utilisant, non pas l&rsquo;encre fluide qu&#8217;emploie Alechinsky (1927), mais plut\u00f4t la pate \u00e9paisse et g\u00e9n\u00e9reuse que d\u00e9pose Asger Jorn (1914-1973) sur ses toiles. Zapata applique la mati\u00e8re \u00e0 la spatule ou au couteau pour peindre un <em>Joueur de f\u00fbte<\/em> (ill. 18), un <em>P\u00eacheur r\u00e9parant son filet<\/em> (ill. 19). Il pousse cette technique jusqu&rsquo;aux limites de l&rsquo;abstraction pour repr\u00e9senter <em>Les vendeuses de poissons<\/em> (ill. 20). Le th\u00e8me est r\u00e9curent. Les vendeuses de poissons (ill. 16 et 21 \u00e0 23) est un sujet que Zapata affectionne \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar des vendeuses de fleurs (ill. 17 et 24 \u00e0 26) qui font partie des petits m\u00e9tiers que l&rsquo;on retrouve surtout au P\u00e9rou et parfois encore en France aux d\u00e9tours de certains march\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9102\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/18-img_20250126_165932-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?fit=640%2C453&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,453\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3393&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.06000200340579&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"18-IMG_20250126_165932 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?fit=300%2C212&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C413&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"413\" data-id=\"9102\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?resize=584%2C413&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?resize=300%2C212&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/18-IMG_20250126_165932-copie.jpg?resize=424%2C300&amp;ssl=1 424w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9103\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/19-img_20250126_173135-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?fit=629%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"629,480\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3046&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003004988281&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"19-IMG_20250126_173135 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?fit=300%2C229&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C446&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"446\" data-id=\"9103\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?resize=584%2C446&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?w=629&amp;ssl=1 629w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?resize=300%2C229&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/19-IMG_20250126_173135-copie.jpg?resize=393%2C300&amp;ssl=1 393w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9104\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/20-img_20250126_173719-copie-marchande-de-poissons\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?fit=529%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"529,480\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;4753&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.06000200340579&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20-IMG_20250126_173719 copie MARCHANDE DE POISSONS\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?fit=300%2C272&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?fit=529%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"529\" height=\"480\" data-id=\"9104\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?resize=529%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?w=529&amp;ssl=1 529w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?resize=300%2C272&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/20-IMG_20250126_173719-copie-MARCHANDE-DE-POISSONS.jpg?resize=331%2C300&amp;ssl=1 331w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. Manuel Zapata Orihuela. (ill. 18) <em>Joueur de f\u00fbte<\/em> ; (ill. 19) <em>P\u00eacheur r\u00e9parant son filet<\/em> ; (ill. 20) <em>Les vendeuses de poissons<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9105\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/21-img_20250126_154808-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?fit=645%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"645,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3475&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.06000200340579&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"21-IMG_20250126_154808 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?fit=252%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C695&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"695\" data-id=\"9105\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?resize=584%2C695&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?w=645&amp;ssl=1 645w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/21-IMG_20250126_154808-copie.jpg?resize=252%2C300&amp;ssl=1 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9106\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/22-img_20250126_155004-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?fit=637%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"637,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1317&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003004988281&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"22-IMG_20250126_155004 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?fit=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C704&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"704\" data-id=\"9106\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?resize=584%2C704&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?w=637&amp;ssl=1 637w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/22-IMG_20250126_155004-copie.jpg?resize=249%2C300&amp;ssl=1 249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9107\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/23-img_20250126_164852-poisson\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?fit=800%2C492&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,492\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1371&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02999700029997&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"23-IMG_20250126_164852 POISSON\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?fit=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?fit=584%2C359&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"584\" height=\"359\" data-id=\"9107\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?resize=584%2C359&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?resize=300%2C185&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?resize=768%2C472&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/23-IMG_20250126_164852-POISSON.jpg?resize=488%2C300&amp;ssl=1 488w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. (ill. 21) Manuel Zapata Orihuela. <em>Marchande de poissons<\/em>, huile sur toile, 61 x 50 cm ; (ill. 22) Manuel Zapata Orihuela. <em>Marchande de poisson<\/em> ; (ill. 23) Manuel Zapata Orihuela. <em>Marchande de poissons<\/em>, dessin au stylo bille sur carton d&rsquo;invitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-15 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9108\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/24-img_20250126_155748-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?fit=560%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"560,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;837&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02999700029997&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"24-IMG_20250126_155748 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?fit=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?fit=560%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9108\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?resize=560%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?w=560&amp;ssl=1 560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/24-IMG_20250126_155748-copie.jpg?resize=219%2C300&amp;ssl=1 219w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9109\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/25-img_20250126_165650-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?fit=484%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"484,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1343&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.04000400040004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"25-IMG_20250126_165650 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?fit=189%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?fit=484%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"484\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"9109\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?resize=484%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?w=484&amp;ssl=1 484w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/25-IMG_20250126_165650-copie.jpg?resize=189%2C300&amp;ssl=1 189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9110\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/26-img_20250126_154820-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?fit=520%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"520,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;3290&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003001380635&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"26-IMG_20250126_154820 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?fit=260%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?fit=520%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"520\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"9110\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?resize=520%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?w=520&amp;ssl=1 520w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/26-IMG_20250126_154820-copie.jpg?resize=260%2C300&amp;ssl=1 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. Manuel Zapata Orihuela. (ill. 24&nbsp; \u00e0. 26) <em>Vendeuse de fleurs<\/em> ; <em>La fleuriste endormie<\/em> (1988), huile sur toile, 148 x 114 cm ; <em>Vendeuse de fleurs<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Zapata relie parfois l&rsquo;avant-garde de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 l&rsquo;iconographie ancestrale des cultures pr\u00e9hispaniques du P\u00e9rou (Mochica, Nasca, Paracas, Chav\u00edn, entre autres), une recherche semblable \u00e0 celle d\u2019Enrique Galdos Rivas, un membre du groupe des \u00ab\u00a0huit amis de l&rsquo;art\u00a0\u00bb, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 par la critique comme un artiste de l&rsquo;Ancestralisme<a href=\"#_ftn21\" id=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a> (ill. 27 \u00e0 29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-17 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9111\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/27-ancestralisme-capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22-42-45\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?fit=453%2C598&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"453,598\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"27-ANCESTRALISME Capture d\u2019e\u0301cran 2025-06-18 a\u0300 22.42.45\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?fit=227%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?fit=453%2C598&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"453\" height=\"598\" data-id=\"9111\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?resize=453%2C598&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?w=453&amp;ssl=1 453w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/27-ANCESTRALISME-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.42.45.jpg?resize=227%2C300&amp;ssl=1 227w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9112\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/28-ancestral-img_20250126_175304-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?fit=534%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"534,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1814&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.050003004988281&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"28-ANCESTRAL IMG_20250126_175304 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?fit=267%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?fit=534%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"534\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"9112\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?resize=534%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?w=534&amp;ssl=1 534w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/28-ANCESTRAL-IMG_20250126_175304-copie.jpg?resize=267%2C300&amp;ssl=1 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9113\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/29-img_20250126_173927-poissons\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?fit=562%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"562,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;1.89&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Redmi Note 8 Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;5.43&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;5600&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.06000200340579&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"29-IMG_20250126_173927 POISSONS\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?fit=281%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?fit=562%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"562\" height=\"600\" data-id=\"9113\"  src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?resize=562%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?w=562&amp;ssl=1 562w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/29-IMG_20250126_173927-POISSONS.jpg?resize=281%2C300&amp;ssl=1 281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Ci-dessus, de gauche \u00e0 droite. Manuel Zapata Orihuela. (ill. 27) Cer\u00e1mica Chancay (1982) 73 x 60 cm ; (ill. 28) ; (ill. 29)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>La palette de Zapata peut, dans certains travaux de l&rsquo;artiste, privil\u00e9gier la couleur et donner moins d\u2019importance au dessin \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re des Fauves et d\u2019un Matisse ou d\u2019un Derain (ill. 30 et 31). Il n&#8217;emp\u00eache que cette extension originale d&rsquo;un courant \u00e9pris de polychromie s&rsquo;av\u00e8re ici un cloisonnement de l&rsquo;univers que n&rsquo;aurait pas r\u00e9fut\u00e9 Victor Brauner.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9114\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/30-fauve-capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22-04-27-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?fit=800%2C655&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,655\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"30-FAUVE Capture d\u2019e\u0301cran 2025-06-18 a\u0300 22.04.27 copie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?fit=300%2C246&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?fit=584%2C478&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?resize=400%2C328&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9114\" width=\"400\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?resize=300%2C246&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?resize=768%2C629&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/30-FAUVE-Capture-decran-2025-06-18-a-22.04.27-copie.jpg?resize=366%2C300&amp;ssl=1 366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(ill. 30) Manuel Zapata. <em>La plage de la Chira<\/em> (2015), encaustique, 33 x 41 cm<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-attachment-id=\"9115\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/31-lestaque-la-rue-tournante-a-derain-capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10-45-51\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?fit=640%2C424&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,424\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"31-L&amp;rsquo;estaque la rue tournante A Derain Capture d\u2019e\u0301cran 2025-06-26 a\u0300 10.45.51\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?fit=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?fit=584%2C387&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?resize=320%2C212&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9115\" width=\"320\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/31-Lestaque-la-rue-tournante-A-Derain-Capture-decran-2025-06-26-a-10.45.51.jpg?resize=453%2C300&amp;ssl=1 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(ill. 31) Andr\u00e9 Derain. <em>L\u2019estaque, la route tournante<\/em> (1906), huile sur toile, 130 x 195 cm, Mus\u00e9e des beaux-arts de Houston<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>La visite r\u00e9cente \u00e0 cet atelier de Gentilly, lieu de m\u00e9moire sur l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 intense de cet artiste, a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;occasion unique d&rsquo;une confrontation avec une \u0153uvre aux inspirations centrifuges : Ancestralisme avec la pr\u00e9sence discr\u00e8te de Brauner ou de Klee, fauvisme avec les palettes contrast\u00e9es et pugnaces de Matisse et Derain. A quand une exposition r\u00e9trospective ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"4\"><strong>Zapata et les peintres indig\u00e9nistes p\u00e9ruviens<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>dates<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Relations internationales<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Les peintres indig\u00e9nistes p\u00e9ruviens<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Zapata Orihuela<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1921<\/td><td>David Alfaro Siqueiros. <em>Manifeste pour les arts plastiques d\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/em>,<\/td><td>Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Cardenas-Castro. Voyage en Europe<\/td><td>Naissance \u00e0 Lima. Jeunesse pass\u00e9e \u00e0 Huancayo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1928<\/td><td>Cr\u00e9ation du Parti Socialiste P\u00e9ruvien.<\/td><td>Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro rejoint l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Ethnographie du Trocad\u00e9ro dirig\u00e9e par Paul Rivet<\/td><td>Retour \u00e0 Lima<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1943<\/td><td>Victoire sovi\u00e9tique \u00e0 la bataille de Stalingrad.<\/td><td>Jos\u00e9 Sabogal termine son mandat de directeur de l\u2019Ecole des Beaux-arts de Lima commenc\u00e9 en 1932<\/td><td>Entr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2018Ecole des beaux-arts de Lima.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1950<\/td><td>Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Manuel A. Odr\u00eda pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique du P\u00e9rou<\/td><td>Mario Urteaga revient \u00e0 Cajamarca<\/td><td>Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 des Beaux-arts. Installation de son atelier dans le quartier chinois de Lima<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1965<\/td><td>Cl\u00f4ture du concile Vatican II.<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>La peinture <em>Sand\u00eda<\/em>&nbsp;est acquise&nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;pour lancer un programme de promotion touristique de l&rsquo;Art p\u00e9ruvien<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1967<\/td><td>Guerre des Six Jours. Guerre du Biafra.<\/td><td>Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro. S\u00e9rie de peintures sur les Incas<\/td><td>Rencontre \u00e0 Lima de Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Hache. Voyage en Europe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1970<\/td><td>Tremblement de terre \u00e0 Ancash au P\u00e9rou<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Retour au P\u00e9rou. Professeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts&nbsp;Macedonio de la Torre&nbsp;de Trujillo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1974<\/td><td>R\u00e9volution des \u0152illets au Portugal<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Retour en France et retours r\u00e9guliers au P\u00e9rou jusqu&rsquo;en 1991<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1988<\/td><td>Fin de la guerre Iran-Irak.<\/td><td>Mort de Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro.<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2023<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Mort de Manuel Zapata \u00e0 Gentilly<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>Directeurs de l&rsquo;Ecole nationale Sup\u00e9rieure Autonome des Beaux-arts du P\u00e9rou<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Directeur<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nom<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>P\u00e9r\u00edode<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez Morillo<\/strong><\/td><td>1918-1932<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Jos\u00e9 Sabogal Di\u00e9guez<\/strong><\/td><td>1932-1943<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez V\u00e9rtiz<\/strong><\/td><td>1943-1945<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Ricardo Grau<\/strong><\/td><td>1945-1949<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Francisco Gonz\u00e1lez Gamarra<\/strong><\/td><td>1949-1950<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez V\u00e9rtiz<\/strong><\/td><td>1950-1956<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Julio M\u00e1laga Grenet (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1956<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Juan Manuel Ugarte El\u00e9spuru<\/strong><\/td><td>1956-1973<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Armando S\u00e1nchez M\u00e1laga (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1973<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Teodoro N\u00fa\u00f1ez Ureta<\/strong><\/td><td>1973-1976<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Jos\u00e9 Bracamonte Vera (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1976<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12\u00ba<\/td><td><strong><em>Conseil d&rsquo;administration<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>1976-1978<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Alberto D\u00e1vila Zavala<\/strong><\/td><td>1978-1980<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Carlos Aitor Castillo Gaubeka<\/strong><\/td><td>1980-1983<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Miguel Baca Rossi (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1983-1985<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Andr\u00e9s Molina Aquino<\/strong><\/td><td>1985-1990<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Alberto Tello Montalvo<\/strong><\/td><td>1990-1994<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Pedro Rotta Bisso<\/strong><\/td><td>1994-1997<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19\u00ba<\/td><td><strong><em>Commission de r\u00e9organisation<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>1997-1998<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Joel Meneses Fonseca (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1998-1999<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Justo Estrella Orihuel (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>1999-2000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22.\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Joel Menese Orihuela (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>2000-2001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23.\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Leslie Lee Crosby (int\u00e9rimaire)<\/strong><\/td><td>2001-2007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24.\u00ba<\/td><td><strong><em>Commission de r\u00e9organisation<\/em><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>2007-2008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Comisi\u00f3n de V\u00edctor Delf\u00edn<\/strong><\/td><td>2009-2010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Guillermo Cortez Carcel\u00e9n<\/strong><\/td><td>2010-2012<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>David Durand Ato<\/strong><\/td><td>2012-2015<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>28\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Carlos Valdez Espinoza<\/strong><\/td><td>2015-2020<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29\u00ba<\/td><td><strong>Eva L\u00f3pez Miranda<\/strong><\/td><td>2021-actual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Au P\u00e9rou l&rsquo;indig\u00e9nisme, , est un courant qui prend ses racines \u00e0 partir de la r\u00e9volte des \u00e9tudiants de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de San Antonio Abad \u00e0 Cuzco, le 7 mai 1909. Un courant qui donnera naissance quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard au mouvement de l\u2019<em>Escuela Cuzque\u00f1a<\/em>, l\u2019\u00c9cole de Cusco, compos\u00e9 d\u2019intellectuels. \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;les initiateurs et les principaux animateurs de l&rsquo;indig\u00e9nisme p\u00e9ruvien, fond\u00e8rent un courant de pens\u00e9e et d&rsquo;\u00e9tude de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 andine qui, sur tous les plans \u2014 politique, id\u00e9ologique, litt\u00e9raire, artistique, voire scientifique \u2014, marqua et a continu\u00e9 de marquer la vie intellectuelle du pays.&nbsp;\u00bb (Carlos Dancourt 1997, voir en bibliographie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Le Huayno est une musique et une danse populaire et traditionnelle du P\u00e9rou. Cette musique d\u2019origine pr\u00e9colombienne est jou\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements festifs. Expressions de sentiments divers, le huayno est une musique rythm\u00e9e et rapide \u00e0 contrario du Yarav\u00cd une autre musique andine de type plus m\u00e9lancolique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0Zapata Orihuela d\u00e9veloppa une peinture figurative lointainement inspir\u00e9e par l&rsquo;art pr\u00e9colombien. Cela se refl\u00e8te dans la forte stylisation des formes et dans une ex\u00e9cution picturale qui pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les surfaces de couleur, planes et bien limit\u00e9es. Les th\u00e8mes de la C\u00f4te li\u00e9s \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion du Nord d&rsquo;o\u00f9 il est originaire, pr\u00e9dominent \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de sa production\u00a0\u00bb, extrait d\u2019un texte du critique et historien de l&rsquo;art p\u00e9ruvien, Luis Eduardo Wuffarden, suite \u00e0 l&rsquo;expertise d\u2019une peinture de Zapata le 9 janvier 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Mario Urteaga est onsid\u00e9r\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui comme un des repr\u00e9sentants de la peinture indig\u00e9niste, Urteaga n\u2019a pourtant pas adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 ce mouvement de l\u2019avant-garde artistique des ann\u00e9es 1920 au P\u00e9rou. L\u2019indig\u00e9nisme, mouvement proposant un vaste programme culturel et politique centr\u00e9 sur les revendications autochtones. Toutefois, Urteaga commence \u00e0 peindre en suivant cette th\u00e9matique \u00e0 partir de 1920.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Juan Manuel (1891-1988) et Jos\u00e9 Felix (1899-1975) Cardenas-Castro snt deux peintres p\u00e9ruviens natifs d&rsquo;Urubamba. Voir \u00ab\u00a0De Juan Manuel et Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix Cardenas-Castro : deux artistes p\u00e9ruviens au sein de la diaspora latino-am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Paris (3)\u00a0\u00bb en bibliographie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> initiateur officiel du courant pictural de l&rsquo;indig\u00e9nisme au P\u00e9rou, Jos\u00e9 Sabogal a pour objectif de \u00ab&nbsp;cr\u00e9er un art national, enracin\u00e9 dans les images et les valeurs autochtones et populaires, principalement \u2014 mais non exclusivement \u2014 andines&nbsp;\u00bb. (Carlos Dancourt 1997, voir en bibliographie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> En 1931, Julia Codesido est nomm\u00e9e professeur de dessin et de peinture \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole nationale des beaux-arts du P\u00e9rou apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;assistante de Sabogal. Elle quitera son poste en m\u00eame temps que Sabogal quittera son poste de directeur en 1943.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Carlos Quizpez As\u00edn (Lima 1900-1983) est un peintre et muraliste p\u00e9ruvien, qui, apr\u00e8s un apprentissage artistique \u00e0 Lima, fera partie des premiers \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 int\u00e9grer l\u2019\u00c9cole nationale des Beaux-Arts fond\u00e9e au P\u00e9rou en 1919. Il voyagera en Europe, sans bourse d\u2019\u00e9tude qu\u2019il obtiendra plus tard, en commen\u00e7ant par Madrid. De retour au P\u00e9rou, il sera membre du corps enseignant de l\u2019\u00c9cole nationale des Beaux-Arts \u2014 dont il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e8ve \u2014 pendant 27 ans. Il introduira la technique de la peinture murale \u00e0 fresque au P\u00e9rou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> El\u00e8ve \u00e0 l\u2019Ecole des beaux-arts de Lima du peintre Daniel Hern\u00e1ndez et du sculpteur Piqueras Cotol\u00ed, le peintre Germ\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez V\u00e9rtiz a \u00e9t\u00e9 directeur de l\u2019ENBA de 1943 \u00e0 1945 et de 1950 \u00e0 1956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> L&rsquo;animisme est un courant de la peinture belge de l&rsquo;entre-deux-guerres. \u00ab\u00a0Port\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;\u00e9vocation de la vie quotidienne, il manifeste cependant un r\u00e9alisme travaill\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9vocation singuli\u00e8re des objets et des \u00eatres, cherchant \u00e0 leur conf\u00e9rer une densit\u00e9 spirituelle, une intensit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re, une \u00e2me\u00a0\u00bb in Joost De Geest. <em>Histoire de la peinture en Belgique<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Ricardo Muro Grau (Bordeaux, 1907 &#8211; Lima, 9 juin 1970) est un peintre moderniste et surr\u00e9aliste p\u00e9ruvien. En 1938, apr\u00e8s un long s\u00e9jour en Europe, il revient au P\u00e9rou, apportant avec lui la modernit\u00e9 picturale \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l&rsquo;indig\u00e9nisme est encore un mouvement important au P\u00e9rou. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 directeur de l\u2019ENBA de 1945 \u00e0 1949.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_ftn12\" href=\"#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> Eladio Ruiz (1922-2013) est un peintre p\u00e9ruvien n\u00e9 en 1922 dans le district d&rsquo;Angasmarca dans la province de Santiago de Chuco, au P\u00e9rou. A 14 ans, il se rend \u00e0 Lima, pour visiter l&rsquo;\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts o\u00f9 finalement il fait ses \u00e9tudes aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des peintres Camilo Blas, Enrique Camino Brent, Cota Carvallo, Pedro Azabache Bustamante, entre autres. Il et en sort dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 en 1943 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve de Jos\u00e9 Sabogal et Julia Codesido. \u00c0 la fin de sa formation, il enseigna le dessin et la peinture \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole r\u00e9gionale des beaux-arts \u00ab Macedonio de la Torre \u00bb de la ville de Trujillo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Pedro Azabache Bustamante (1918-2012) est un peintre indig\u00e9niste p\u00e9ruvien, disciple de Julia Codesido et Jos\u00e9 Sabogal. Il fait partie du groupe Norte (C\u00e9sar Vallejo, V\u00edctor Ra\u00fal Haya de la Torre, Eduardo Gonz\u00e1lez Via\u00f1a, Jose Eulog\u00edo Garrido, Ciro Alegria, Pedro Azabache Bustamente, Macedonio de la Torre, Eloy Espinoza, \u00d3scar Ima\u00f1a, Federico Esquerre), fond\u00e9 en 1915 par l&rsquo;\u00e9crivain Antenor Orrego Espinoza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Gamaniel Palomino est un graveur, dessinateur et peintre p\u00e9ruvien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Julio Camino S\u00e1nchez (Trujillo, P\u00e9rou, 1914 &#8211; Lima, 20 novembre 2007) est un peintre, graveur, sc\u00e9nographe et enseignant p\u00e9ruvien. Il a pratiqu\u00e9 la xylographie de fa\u00e7on non conventionnelle \u00e0 partir de caisses \u00e0 pommes munies de clous aiguis\u00e9s. Laur\u00e9at du remier prix de gravure de l&rsquo;Institut culturel p\u00e9ruvien nord-am\u00e9ricain (ICPNA) en 1968, une partie de son \u0153uvre est expos\u00e9e au Mus\u00e9e d&rsquo;art moderne de New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00c1ngel Ch\u00e1vez est n\u00e9 en 1928 \u00e0 Trujillo o\u00f9 il fait ses \u00e9tudes. Il s&rsquo;installe ensuite \u00e0 Lima et en 1947 suit les cours de Juan Manuel Ugarte Elespuru et Sabino Springett \u00e0 l&rsquo;ecole des beaux arts. De 1968 \u00e0 1974, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 directeur de l&rsquo;\u00c9cole des beaux-arts d&rsquo;Iquitos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Plusieurs versions (ill. ) sont propos\u00e9es pour m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00d3scar Guillermo Allain Cottera&nbsp;(n\u00e9 le 19 septembre 1922) est un peintre p\u00e9ruvien d&rsquo;origine fran\u00e7aise. Peintre ind\u00e9pendant, il a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure autonome des beaux-arts (ENSABAP). Disciple d&rsquo;Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez Trujillo, dit \u00ab Apu-Rimak \u00bb, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole nationale des beaux-arts centenaire, il faisait partie de la \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9ration dor\u00e9e \u00bb. Il a enseign\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure des beaux-arts V\u00edctor Morey Pe\u00f1a d&rsquo;Iquitos et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 nationale Hermilio Valdizan de Hu\u00e1nuco. (wikip\u00e9dia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Peintre indig\u00e9niste, \u00e9crivain et po\u00e8te p\u00e9ruvien n\u00e9 \u00e0 Callao en 1925. Il a collabor\u00e9 en tant que dessinateur avec l&rsquo;arch\u00e9ologuae Julio C. Telleo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Enrique Gerardo Galdos Rivas est un peintre et graveur p\u00e9ruvien n\u00e9 \u00e0 Lima en 1933. Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 avec la m\u00e9daille d&rsquo;or (premier prix) de l&rsquo;ENBA en 1959. artiste de l&rsquo;ancestralisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> L&rsquo;Ancestralisme est un mouvement artistique des ann\u00e9es 1970-1980 en r\u00e9ponse plastique et esth\u00e9tique \u00e0 la critique occidentale consid\u00e9rant l&rsquo;art latino-am\u00e9ricain comme de l&rsquo;artisanat, de l&rsquo;exotisme ou une simple copie de ce qui se faisait en Europe ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Les artistes de ce mouvement ont reconfigur\u00e9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e9vocateurs des cultures pr\u00e9colombiennes pour atteindre une \u00ab expression am\u00e9ricaine profonde, d&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 formelle contemporaine \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bibliographie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/indigenisme-et-narration-du-quotidien-de-mario-urteaga-1875-1957-a-juan-manuel-cardenas-castro-1891-1988\/\">Indig\u00e9nisme et narration du quotidien. De Mario Urteaga (1875-1957) \u00e0 Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro (1891-1988)<\/a>, in<em> Sciences &amp; art contemporain<\/em>, ao\u00fbt 2022.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gustavo Buntix, Luis Eduardo Wuffarden. Catalogue de l\u2019exposition \u00ab&nbsp;Mario Urteaga Nuevas miradas&nbsp;\u00bb, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 la Fundacion telefonica et au Mus\u00e9e d\u2019art de Lima. 2003.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joost De Geest. Histoire de la peinture en Belgique,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carlos Dancourt. Mouvements intellectuels fondateurs : La escuela cuzque\u00f1a. In: <em>Am\u00e9rica : Cahiers du CRICCAL<\/em>, n\u00b019, 1997. Les filiations. Id\u00e9es et cultures contemporaines en Am\u00e9rique Latine, pp. 123-139.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gabriela Lavarello Vargas de Velaochaga <em>Artistas pl\u00e1sticos en el Per\u00fa: siglos XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX<\/em>. G. Lavarello Vargas de Velaochaga, 2009, 507 p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maria del Socorro M\u00f3raC de Asmat (2019). Manuel Zapata-Orihuela. Espacios donde conviven el tiempo y la memoria. <em>Illapa Mana Tukukuq<\/em>, (12), 68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31381\/illapa.v0i12.1920<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alain Cardenas-Castro : <em>Cr\u00e9ation artistique et donn\u00e9es ethno-anthropologiques p\u00e9ruviennes. 1915-2015 : une lign\u00e9e de peintres mus\u00e9ographes, les Cardenas-Castro<\/em>, th\u00e8se en sciences et technologies des arts, sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 arts plastiques et photographie, Universit\u00e9 Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis : 2021. 1292 p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Remerciements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Madame Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Zapata Orihuela.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>par Alain Cardenas-Castro Manuel Zapata Orihuela (Lima, 1921 \u2013 Gentilly, 2023), est un&nbsp;peintre&nbsp;p\u00e9ruvien (ill. 1 \u00e0 4) des repr\u00e9sentants de l\u2019indig\u00e9nisme[1], mouvement intellectuel et politique pr\u00e9dominant en Am\u00e9rique latine durant la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle. Adepte d\u2019une polychromie forte &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/fauve-ou-cobra-le-peintre-indigeniste-manuel-zapata-orihuela-portraits-dhier-et-de-demain-9\/\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[43,42,1,22],"tags":[8,9,38],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8Mijt-2mw","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":8684,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/exposition-manuel-zapata-orihuela-lima-1920-gentilly-2023\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":0},"title":"Exposition Manuel Zapata Orihuela (Lima 1920 &#8211; Gentilly 2023)","author":"admin","date":"2025-02-04","format":false,"excerpt":"Escenas de vida y s\u00edmbolos ancestrales, pinturas de Manuel Zapata Orihuela Paris, Consulat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du P\u00e9rou, 27 rue de l'Arcade, Paris. Au 27, rue de l'Arcade, la pierre de taille accueille nombre d'\u00e9tablissements culturels, actifs ou ouverts sur une approche humaniste de l'image. C'est ce qu'a voulu M. Carlos Brice\u00f1o\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736976480431-copie.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3979,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/juan-manuel-cardenas-castro\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":1},"title":"Juan Manuel C\u00e1rdenas Castro, peintre indig\u00e9niste","author":"admin","date":"2019-09-19","format":false,"excerpt":"Museo Hist\u00f3rico r\u00e9gional - Casa del Inka Garcilaso de la Vega, Cusco, P\u00e9rou, exposition d'\u0153uvres in\u00e9dites, du 1er au 15 octobre 2019. Annonce d'exposition De temps \u00e0 autre il est opportun de devancer un \u00e9v\u00e9nement. Nous entendons par l\u00e0 d'annoncer ce qui va advenir : nous avons souhait\u00e9 faire part\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4-BD.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4-BD.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4-BD.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4-BD.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4-BD.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":8678,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/parution-3\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":2},"title":"PARUTION","author":"admin","date":"2025-01-26","format":false,"excerpt":"Isabelle Tauzin-Castellanos, L\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud : histoire d\u2019\u00e9migrations, XXe-XXe si\u00e8cles\u00a0\u00e9crit par Isabelle Tauzin-Castellanos. Bordeaux\u00a0: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2024. 342 p.\u00a0: 105 ill. Bibliog. Index. 25 \u20ac. Apr\u00e8s une carri\u00e8re d\u2019enseignante-chercheuse, Isabelle Tauzin-Castellanos tire sa r\u00e9v\u00e9rence de fa\u00e7on magistrale en faisant au fil de 21 chapitres le point sur des\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-decran-2025-01-26-a-11.04.06.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-decran-2025-01-26-a-11.04.06.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Capture-decran-2025-01-26-a-11.04.06.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4535,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/%e8%83%a1%e5%ae%89%c2%b7%e9%a9%ac%e5%8a%aa%e5%9f%83%e5%b0%94%c2%b7%e5%8d%a1%e5%be%b7%e7%ba%b3%e6%96%af%c2%b7%e5%8d%a1%e6%96%af%e7%89%b9%e7%bd%97-%e6%8f%8f%e7%bb%98%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8f%e6%b0%91%e7%94%9f\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":3},"title":"\u80e1\u5b89\u00b7\u9a6c\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5361\u5fb7\u7eb3\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f57 \u63cf\u7ed8\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u753b\u5bb6 \/ Juan Manuel C\u00e1rdenas Castro, peintre indig\u00e9niste.","author":"admin","date":"2019-12-21","format":false,"excerpt":"Il est parfois opportun d\u2019informer nos lecteurs, \u00e9tudiants, chercheurs et historiens de l'art, des projets mus\u00e9ographiques pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s de temps \u00e0 autre ailleurs et des documents sp\u00e9cifiques permettant leur promotion et leur diffusion. \u00c0 ce propos, l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement biculturel Juan Manuel C\u00e1rdenas Castro a commenc\u00e9 au P\u00e9rou en octobre 2019 et il\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DP-JMCC-Museo-HU-4-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DP-JMCC-Museo-HU-4-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DP-JMCC-Museo-HU-4-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DP-JMCC-Museo-HU-4-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/DP-JMCC-Museo-HU-4-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5916,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/juan-manuel-cardenas-castro-pour-un-autre-indigenisme\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":4},"title":"Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro, pour un autre indig\u00e9nisme","author":"admin","date":"2021-07-31","format":false,"excerpt":"Dans le cadre des c\u00e9l\u00e9brations du bicentenaire de l'ind\u00e9pendance du P\u00e9rou, un cycle de conf\u00e9rences magistrales a lieu en juillet et ao\u00fbt 2021. Ces interventions rendent un honneur bien m\u00e9rit\u00e9 au peintre indig\u00e9niste\u00a0Juan Manuel Cardenas-Castro (1891-1988). Conf\u00e9rence inaugurale par Alain Cardenas-Castro Salutations et bienvenue \u00e0 toutes et \u00e0 tous. En\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7-60-x-100.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7-60-x-100.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7-60-x-100.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/7-60-x-100.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7168,"url":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/juan-cardenas-castro-kanchacc-a-la-maison-de-lamerique-latine-de-lutilisation-dun-pseudonyme-au-livre-dor-de-lexposition-paris-1956\/","url_meta":{"origin":9084,"position":5},"title":"\u00ab\u00a0Juan-Cardenas-Castro-Kanchacc\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la Maison de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique latine. De l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un pseudonyme au livre d&rsquo;or de l\u2019exposition. Paris 1956","author":"admin","date":"2023-06-16","format":false,"excerpt":"par Alain Cardenas-Castro La Maison de l'Am\u00e9rique latine, \u00e0 Paris, est un espace culturel qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 en 1946 \u00e0 l'initiative du minist\u00e8re fran\u00e7ais des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Sise \u00e0 Paris, au 217 boulevard Saint-Germain, cette institution est destin\u00e9e aux \u00e9changes culturels, \u00e9conomiques et diplomatiques entre la France et les\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Am\u00e9rique latine&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Am\u00e9rique latine","link":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/category\/amerique-latine\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/livre-dor-AML-JMCC-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9084"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9084"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9236,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9084\/revisions\/9236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alaincardenas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}